Blood glucose (to screen for silent, life-threatening hypoglycemia).
Impaired renal function parameters (low blood urea nitrogen due to low protein intake). 6. WHO Management Guidelines (The 10 Steps)
Immune systems are profoundly suppressed; life-threatening infections frequently present without fever or elevated white blood cell counts. Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), sometimes referred to as Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) or Protein-Energy Undernutrition (PEU), is a range of conditions resulting from a deficiency in total energy intake, even if protein intake is not drastically low. According to the MSD Manuals , PEM can occur abruptly (starvation) or develop gradually.
You outline the of WHO management:
Malnourished children cannot regulate blood glucose or body temperature efficiently. Provide immediate feeding or IV glucose if unconscious. Keep the child warm through clothing, blankets, or skin-to-skin contact ("Kangaroo care"). Fluid Resuscitation
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and persistent diarrheal diseases increase the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and accelerate protein catabolism. WHO Management Guidelines (The 10 Steps) Immune systems
, alternatively classified as protein-energy undernutrition (PEU), is a critical global health condition arising from a chronic deficit in macronutrients. It develops when dietary protein intake, total caloric energy intake, or both, fail to meet foundational metabolic requirements. PEM impacts millions globally, manifesting heavily in developing regions while serving as a prominent secondary complication in acute care hospitals worldwide.
The World Health Organization (WHO) outlines a structured, 10-step guidelines matrix split into two main phases: the (Days 1–7) and the Rehabilitation Phase (Weeks 2–6). The 10 Steps of Management Clinical Objective Stabilization Treat/Prevent Hypoglycemia Treat/Prevent Hypothermia Treat/Prevent Dehydration Correct Electrolyte Imbalance Treat/Prevent Infection Correct Micronutrient Deficiencies (no iron initially) Start Cautious Feeding (F-75 formula) Rehabilitation Achieve Catch-up Growth (F-100 or RUTF) Provide Sensory Stimulation and Emotional Support Prepare for Discharge and Follow-up Critical Management Details Prevent Hypoglycemia and Hypothermia You outline the of WHO management: Malnourished children
Ensure a cheerful, stimulating environment. Encourage regular, structured play therapy, gentle physical exercise, and continuous maternal affection. 10. Prepare for Follow-up
You switch the slide to a child with Marasmus. The image is heartbreaking: a child who looks like a skeleton wrapped in loose skin. There is no fat left. The ribs are prominent; the head looks too large for the body. This is the result of severe starvation—a deficit of both protein and calories. The body has eaten its own muscle to survive.