Look for synonyms like "subsidies," "tax credits," or "grants." The text explicitly states that many nations provide tax rebates to buyers to offset the high purchase price of electric vehicles.
The text will often present a nuanced view of eco-friendly technology. An alternative fuel might be described as "cleaner than petrol but still contributing to localized smog." If a question statement boldly claims that this fuel is "completely harmless to the environment," the answer is . Pay close attention to qualifiers like all, completely, mostly, sometimes, and never . Summary for Test Day
Correct Heading: High potential accompanied by high infrastructure costs. Section 2: True, False, Not Given Answers & Explanations environmentally friendly vehicles ielts reading answers
The environmental impact of a vehicle cannot be judged solely by what comes out of its exhaust pipe; a comprehensive lifecycle assessment (LCA) is essential. An LCA evaluates the total ecological footprint of a vehicle from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacturing and daily operation, to eventual disposal or recycling. When viewed through this lens, the "greenness" of electric vehicles depends heavily on the local energy mix. An electric car charged in a region reliant on coal-fired power plants may indirectly generate a carbon footprint comparable to a modern, fuel-efficient diesel vehicle. Consequently, the decarbonization of transport is inextricably linked to the clean energy transition of the wider power sector.
In the early 1990s, the California Air Resources Board (CARB), the government of California's "clean air agency," began a push for more fuel-efficient, lower-emissions vehicles, with the ultimate goal being a move to zero-emissions vehicles such as electric vehicles. In response, automakers developed electric models, including the Chrysler TEVan, Ford Ranger EV pickup truck, GM EV1 and S10 EV pickup, Honda EV Plus hatchback, Nissan lithium-battery Altra EV miniwagon and Toyota RAV4 EV. Ford Fusion is manufactured at Ford's Hermosillo Stamping & Assembly plant, located in Sonora, Mexico. I thought going green was supposed to provide the U.S. with more jobs. Look for synonyms like "subsidies," "tax credits," or
Cars that combine a traditional internal combustion engine with an electric motor and battery. The text often discusses how they capture energy during braking (regenerative braking).
Sample IELTS Reading Task: Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Pay close attention to qualifiers like all, completely,
Below is an essay-style summary and analysis of the passage's key arguments, followed by the typical reading test answers.
The most prominent technology currently dominating the market is the Battery Electric Vehicle. Unlike traditional cars that burn fossil fuels, BEVs utilize rechargeable lithium-ion battery packs to power electric motors. The primary environmental advantage is the elimination of tailpipe emissions. This is particularly beneficial in urban areas where concentrations of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter contribute to severe respiratory health issues. However, the environmental footprint of BEVs is not entirely neutral; the extraction of lithium, cobalt, and nickel required for batteries involves intensive mining processes that can degrade local ecosystems.
Look for futuristic language like "long-term goal," "ultimate solution," or "the holy grail of sustainable transport." Part 3: Essential Vocabulary for This Passage
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